Theorists

Theorists to remember

Lakoff:

• Women are more likely to hedge e.g. sort of
• Women more likely to use polite forms
• Use Tag questions – to seek support
• 
  
  Speak in italics – reaaaally
• Directly quote
• Apologises more
• Use indirect commands
• Lack a sense of humour
• Use more adverbs.

Tannen:

• Status v support
• Orders v proposals
• Advice v understanding
• Information v feelings
• Independent v intimacy
• Conflict v compromise

Zinnerman + West

• Males do 90% of interrupting
• Women desire to be quieter in conversation

Trudgill:

• Mostly females would pronounce the ‘H’

• Overt Prestige – females use to seek status
• Covert Prestige – males use non-standard English to seek status

Fishman:

• ‘Shift Work’ – keeps the conversation going
• Asks questions/keeps the conversation going